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第十一届中西部地区翻译理论与教学研讨会暨翻译研究国际论坛大会主旨发言摘要(2016年10月14日—16日 湖北荆州) Frans De Laet教授Frans De Laet教授,比利时人,国际译联秘书长,国际译联会刊Babel主编,比利时布鲁塞尔自由大学高级翻译学院院长,北京外国语大学高级翻译学院特聘教授。曾任国际翻译家联盟秘书长、国际翻译高校联合会(CIUTI)主席、国际译联第18次世界翻译大会和第八届亚太翻译论坛学术委员会委员等不同职务。精通英、法、德等多国语言,口笔译实践经验和翻译培训经验丰富,著述颇丰。大会主旨发言题目:How to respond to the unequal (?) development of linguistic mediation? The case of China vs Europe…How to respond to the unequal (?) development of linguistic mediation? The case of China vs Europe…There was a time when (so-called) prestigious T & I curricula in Europe mainly aimed at meeting the recruitment standards of international organizations. Indeed, modern T & I – if we may say so – came into being as disciplines right after the Second World War was over. Indeed, the recurrence or continuation of conflicts justified and even forced the establishment of more and new international bodies whose main role was to assist national actors in resolving political disagreement and ensuring diplomatic contexts to sustain peace. Accurate, faithful and reliable translation and interpreting were thereby considered as means towards more political stability and the development of new human life. With the launch of the Marshall Plan in 1948, translation for business purposes and liaison interpreting entered the European arena albeit in a moderate way. However, it is to note that slowly other forms of translation and interpreting than just conference work started claiming their place in our society. And in the Golden Sixties, when they clearly increased in popularity, they even became lucrative business in the economic and social realms of day-to-day life. Amazingly, translation and interpreting belonged to the economic activities that were not badly affected by the first petrol crisis in 1973, also the first post-War crisis. T & I had become a promising professional field for the future. In later years, the notion of "linguistic mediation" will give an extra dimension to the exercise of the professions. And in China? The situation is different and perhaps we should say that modern T & I was born in these 1970s which is about 25 years later than in Europe. The change of representation within the United Nations may be considered as a major milestone, the training of translators and interpreters at Beijing Foreign Studies University followed very soon but it was all still at reduced scale and, at least in the first instance, overwhelmingly oriented towards western understanding, politics and world-views. And of course, China didn’t need a Marshall Plan. The nation launched its own Chinese Economic Reform at the end of the 1970s which like in Europe after the introduction of the European Recovery Program (the official name of the Marshall Plan) didn’t provide a significant economic boost to T & I as new professions. However, it was just a delay. Once the export-oriented growth policy and the intended support of foreign investment became reality, the need for cross-cultural and inter-lingual communication formed the basis for today’s extremely rapid development of translation and interpreting curricula throughout the country. A more than interesting phenomenon. In short, can we compare the emergence of T & I in Europe and in China and is the development of both disciplines really unequal? Do we apply the same training methodology? Do we have the same expectations and performance requirements? And how are the perspectives in Europe and in China? I do hope we can show some relevant issues to address the above mentioned questions.
Keywords: China; Europe; linguistic mediation; unequal developmentRoberto Valdeón教授Roberto Valdeón教授,1993年博士毕业于英国格拉斯哥大学英语文学与翻译专业,现任教于西班牙奥维耶多大学(University of Oviedo),为国际权威期刊《视角——翻译学研究》(Perspectives: Studies in Translatology)主编。大会主旨发言题目:Research Dissemination and the Globalization of Chinese Translation Studies。Research Dissemination and the Globalization of Chinese Translation StudiesIn this talk, I will explore some of the difficulties that translation researchers in China may have when trying to have their work published in major international journals. While Chinese translation scholars produce meaningful and solid research they often fail to have it accepted for publication in high-impact journals. Undoubtedly, this is partly due to the small number of influential journals considered in the discipline. Another factor that contributes to the low visibility of Chinese TS authors is the object of study. Most empirical and theoretical articles focus on Chinese culture without making connections with the work of other TS scholars and without considering the relevance of their findings for TS in other parts of the world.In the second part of the talk, I will present a selection of some of the articles published in the journal Perspectives in a five-year period (2012-2017), highlighting the vitality of Translation Studies as a profession and as a field of enquiry in China. I will discuss three types of articles that have made notable contributions to the field, and have or will be published in the journal: articles exploring theoretical and conceptual issues (such as the connection between translation and adaptation, multimodality and the nature of norms), those that deal with audiovisual translation (including studies on news translation and the translation of children’s movies), and articles on bibliographies and bibliometrics (to assess, for example, the international visibility of Chinese scholars). These contributions come from universities in mainland China, Hong Kong, Macao and Taiwan and have been produced by well-established authors and younger scholars.
Keywords: research dissemination; Chinese translation studies; globalizationCecilia Alvstad教授Cecilia Alvstad教授现为挪威奥斯陆大学教授,前欧洲翻译研究协会(EST)副主席,国际著名翻译学术期刊Perspectives: Studies in Translatology书评主编。大会主旨发言题目:Voices of Translation。Voices of Translation In my presentation I will present an almost final report of the four long research project “Voices of Translation: Rewriting Literary Texts in a Scandinavian Contexts”. A point of departure for the project is that translated texts are composed of and surrounded by a multitude of voices, namely, those of literary characters, translators, authors, publishers, editors, copy editors, critics, librarians, book-sellers and non-professional readers. We use the concept Voices of Translation, to refer both to textual voices, that is, the voices found within the translations themselves, and to contextual voices, that is, the voices of those agents that prepare, shape, justify, influence, perform, explain, frame, comment, or otherwise respond to such voices. This explorative combination of textual and contextual perspectives has given rise to a number of new concepts, such as multiple translatorship, translation pact, and manifest and non-manifest voice, which underlie the contributions included in this volume. In my presentation I will present these concepts in relation to the empirical research we have carried out. I will also discuss aspects related to translation via a third language (indirect translation) and new translations of already translated texts (retranslation).
Keywords: translation; voice; multiple translatorship; translation pact; manifest voice; non-manifest voiceKelly Washbourne教授Kelly Washbourne教授现为美国肯特州立大学教授,美国PEN诗歌奖获得者,多种翻译研究丛书主编,多种SSCI翻译期刊编委顾问。大会主旨发言题目:Developing Translation Learners: Learning Theories and Philosophies of Education for Our Times。Developing Translation Learners: Learning Theories and Philosophies of Education for Our TimesTranslator training and education traditionally have focused on product, only rarely on the interactions and processes that student translators undertake, or the roles and beliefs to which they subscribe. A turn toward the learner’s identity and agency will mean we must more attentively consider translation as an act having societal impact, ethical dimensions, and emotional, social, and cognitive components. Accordingly, the teaching and learning of translation can be served by situating translation in philosophies of education: What are the ends of, and values behind, learning translation? How might we conceive of translation not only as operations of mind, but as participation in communities and practices, and as a force for change in the world? What kind of methods are conducive to creating holistic, creative, and authentic learning opportunities specifically for the twenty-first century roles in society our students will take on? This talk will heighten awareness of intrapersonal and interpersonal competences, the so-called soft skills, and shed light on collaborative learning techniques. We will weigh some metaphors of the classroom and its stakeholders, draw a sharper profile of the translation learner as a self-defining, reflective practitioner with a responsibility to society and to the ‘other’, and survey some considerations for teachers to design learner- and learning-centered translation tasks and curricula in support of engaged, moral, empowered, and purposeful learning.
Keywords: translation learner; translation theory; translation philosophy 王宏志教授王宏志,香港大学文学士及哲学硕士,英国伦敦大学亚非学院哲学博士,主修翻译及现代中国文学。现任香港中文大学人文学科讲座教授、翻译系主任、翻译研究中心主任、上海复旦大学中文系及上海外国语大学高级翻译学院兼职教授及博导;《译丛》行政主编、《翻译学报》、《翻译史研究》、“翻译论丛"(丛书)及“亚洲翻译传统"(丛书)主编。曾任新加坡南洋理工大学文学院院长、人文与社会科学院院长、人文学科研究所所长、香港中文大学文学院副院长、人文学科研究所所长、中国文化研究所副所长、香港文化研究中心主任、国际交换处副处长。研究范围主要包括20世纪中国文学及政治、晚清以来中国翻译史、香港文化研究。出版专作有《翻译与近代中国》(2014)、《翻译与文学之间》(2011)、《重释“信达雅”:二十世纪中国翻译研究》(1999 & 2007) 等十余种,另发表学术论文约130篇。大会主旨发言题目:跨学科的翻译(史)研究:以“中英鸦片战争翻译研究”为例。
跨学科的翻译(史)研究:以“中英鸦片战争翻译研究”为例翻译活动本身无分学科,翻译研究也理所当然地是跨学科学术行为。但由于过去有关翻译的讨论过于侧重实用性,加上大部份相关学者学术背景存在局限,翻译研究的跨学科性有所不足,大大减低学科的学术地位。本文尝试讨论中国近代以来翻译史研究的各种可能性,并以一具体个案——中国近代史上其中一桩影响最深远的历史事件中英鸦片战争(1840—1842)中的翻译研究——为例,剖析跨学科翻译(史)研究的重大意义和价值。
关键词:翻译史研究;跨学科;中英鸦片战争胡庚申教授胡庚申,香港浸会大学翻译研究哲学博士,英国剑桥大学英语与应用语言学博士后学人,清华大学二级教授,国务院政府特殊津贴获得者。现为澳门城市大学教授,校学术委员会当然(ex-officio)委员,英语研究中心主任。创建 “国际交流语用学” 和 “生态翻译学” 两个新的研究领域。国内外发表文章200余篇,出版专著文集33部。主持国家社科基金项目,主持中国科学院院长特别基金课题,获国家科委国家级科技成果完成者证书,获国家教育部优秀教材一等奖,连续获清华大学优秀教学成果一等奖。历任中国科学院武汉对外交流与外语应用研究中心主任,中国中央电视台(CCTV)25集 “国际交流HOW-TO”系列英语讲座特邀主讲,清华大学第六、七届学术委员会委员、外文系学术委员会主任,香港国际交流研究中心顾问,台湾翻译学会终身荣誉会员,澳门理工学院翻译与跨文化交流研究中心主任等。现担任台湾海峡“两岸四地”翻译与跨文化交流系列会议指导委员会主席,亚太国际交流英语研究会理事长,国际翻译家联盟(FIT)文化与翻译委员会委员,国际生态翻译学研究会会长,《生态翻译学学刊》主编,外语教学与研究出版社《国际交流英语系列教程》总主编,上海外语教育出版社《翻译与跨文化交流系列文集》总主编。大会主旨发言题目:中华文化典籍外译外宣的生态翻译学视角研究。
中华文化典籍外译外宣的生态翻译学视角研究中国文化典籍外译担负着对外传播中华传统文化的重要使命。目前,尽管相关议题已有不少研究,也取得了一定成绩,但无论从研究还是传播的实效来看,尚不尽如人意。本文拟从生态翻译学理论的新视角,集中探讨中国文化典籍外译外宣问题。作者指出,基于生态翻译学中“翻译链”的译事“三段论”,中国文化典籍外译应当重视三大环节的工作:1)译事前阶段的“选材”(包括选人);2)译事中阶段的“移植”(译者主导的翻译行为);3)译事后阶段的“存活”(培育译语生态)。译事的“全过程”旨在服务于并保障文本的“生命”。文章认为,重视上述三个阶段的工作,暨能体现生态翻译学三个核心理念:翻译即文本移植、翻译即生态平衡、翻译即适应选择,又有助于解决长期困扰典籍译作域外“落地难”的问题,或将成为助推中华文化典籍外译外宣、提升我国文化“软实力”建设的一个有效途径。
关键词:中华文化典籍;外译外宣;生态翻译学;新视角黄忠廉教授黄忠廉,1965年生于湖北兴山,二级教授,广东外语外贸大学博士生导师和博士后协作导师。翻译理论家,变译理论创始人,科学翻译学、应用翻译学创建者。专攻翻译学、汉译语言和汉外对比。主持国家社科项目4项,部级6项,出版学术著译作26部,主编丛书3套,发表学术论文250篇。现任陕西省“百人计划”特聘专家,广东省“珠江学者”特聘教授,国务院学科评议组成员,国家社科基金学科评议组成员。大会主旨发言题目:变译理论长大记。
变译理论长大记变译理论在长大长大!在长大工作七年(1990—1997)期间,对学界关于严译及严译思想的既有研究成果产生了怀疑,在《天演论》问世百年(1898—1998)之际,在《中国翻译》、《中国科技翻译》、《福建外语》等刊发表系列文章,开启了严复变译思想走向变译理论的研究历程,形成了自己的认识:达旨术是严译《天演论》的成功秘诀,百十年来逐步得到学界认可和深入研究,“达”字将严复“信达雅”与“达旨术”贯穿在一起,“达”成严译思想的灵魂。将达旨术提升到变译规律层面研究,可知严复是变译大师,严译属文化之译。新世纪以来,由严译八大达旨术产生了《翻译变体研究》(2000),催生了《变译理论》(2002),首创了《科学翻译学》(2004),丰富共建了《翻译方法论》(2009),创立了《应用翻译学》(2013),基于变译语料库推出了《严复变译思想考》(2016),正基于易经构建《变译学》。这些都是严复变译思想的历史性贡献。
关键词:严复;变译理论;长大赵彦春教授赵彦春,北京语言大学特聘教授、北京语言大学中国文化翻译与传播研究中心主任、天津市特聘教授、天津市千人计划入选者、二级教授、天津外国语大学中共中央文献研究基地博士生导师、天津外国语大学外国语言文学文化研究中心主任、天津外国语大学学术委员会副主任、国际东西方学会学术委员会委员、国际学术期刊Translating China主编、台湾政治大学《广译》编委、中国语言教育研究会副会长、天津外文学会常务副会长、天津外语专业研究生创新论坛常务副主任、中山大学兼职教授、中国农业大学兼职教授、天津科技大学客座教授、天津财经大学客座教授、印度Mericet大学学术委员会委员。在重要学术期刊上发表学术论文80余篇,出版专著7部,译著12部,编审教材3部。翻译实践上坚守以诗译诗、以经译经的准则。2014年出版的《英韵三字经》是有史以来第一部以三个英语单词对应三个汉字的偶韵体《三字经》译文,被新华社、人民日报、光明日报、中国日报、二十一世纪英文报、渤海日报、今晚报、天津广播电台以及今日头条、网易等各大知名媒体的广泛报道,被誉为“有史以来最美汉英翻译”、“神翻译”、“神还原”。大会主旨发言题目:国学典籍翻译与外语教师的使命。
国学典籍翻译与外语教师的使命在中华文化复兴之际,经典翻译和经典翻译教学无疑扮演着重要的角色。但我们不能照搬现有的译文,中华典籍外译多是蒙灰的形象。黑格尔、德里达等西方大儒认为中国没有哲学,一个可能的原因是,他们读到的译本是不合格的。有鉴于此,外语界同仁在经典翻译理论与实践、研究与应用推广迎来了新的机遇,来承担历史所赋予的责任。自理雅各以来的国学典籍译作多是冗长的语义解释,词不达意,误读误释之处比比皆是,严重贬损了经典的价值。新一代的译者应追求原典的还原,在哲学、史学、文学上企盼经典的高度。中华文化是一个巨系统,由彼此交叉的众多子系统构成。翻译首先是文化系统的翻译而非文字的翻译。此前的经典翻译最根本性的缺失就是系统性的缺失,无以展示中华文明制度、机制与生态。当然,中国文化如何与西方文化对接?能否在英语中找到相应概念,如何变通处理,这是极大的挑战。经典之为经典在于它永不过时。在此意义上,典籍翻译理应精确到每一个文字,即没一个文字在译文中都应有对应的表达,当然译者又不可拘泥文字而丧失原旨。他处在“不易”与“易”的张力之间。经典翻译首先需要精确的是术语,而这又是最难处理的。译者难以避免两种倾向:一是遮蔽原文意义的音译,二是不恰当的比附。就前者而言,由于译者不能贯通中西文化或者为了去西化而在译文中另造新词,这实际上会造成中西文化一体性的割裂,比如“道”大多译作“Tao”“Tau”“Dao”;理雅各把“道可道非常道”译作“The Tao that can be trodden is not the enduring and unchanging Tao”,这不仅设置了交流的路障而使老子的文风荡然无存。 就后者而言,如果没有深入的中西对比而随意比附,那就必然造成混乱,如理雅各的《论语》译文中,“周公”译作“the duke of Châu”, “魯公”译作“the duke of Lû”,而“微子” “箕子”“比干”则处理为“viscount”(子爵)——The viscounts of Wei and Chî, and Pî-kan。简单看来这是望文生义,而究其本质,是中华系统文化的欠缺。 经典因其超越时空限制而成为经典,所以经典翻译应精确到词素的操作,每一语言单位都有对应的英语表达,但又不拘泥文字,比如在词语隐喻用法上可采用具有同样喻旨但字面不对应的译法;在人名、地名、物名所包含的文化信息被扩展到文本信息时,做相应变通,以求文本的内在联贯性。总之,外语教师在经典翻译与研究这一领域,应该对现有译本进行全面的审视,在条件允许的情况下展开翻译实践、翻译研究、翻译教学等活动,重建国学经典的英语表达体系。
关键词:国学典籍翻译;外语教师;翻译研究;翻译教学王宏教授王宏,苏州大学教授、中国典籍英译首席专家、外国语学院翻译研究所所长、翻译学科带头人、博士生导师。中国英汉语比较研究会典籍翻译专业委员会副会长、江苏省译协常务理事、《上海翻译》、《翻译中国》、《广译》编委会编委、国家社科基金评审专家。主持国家社科基金项目、教育部项目、江苏省社科基金项目多项。荣获“建国六十年江苏外国语言文学及翻译研究优秀成果一等奖”、“苏州大学俄英双语高素质外语人才培养一等奖”、“苏州大学科研优秀奖”多项。已出版发表学术成果98项,其中在《外国语》、《中国翻译》、《上海翻译》、《东方翻译》、《外语学刊》、《外语与外语教学》、《解放军外国语学院学报》、《中国外语》、《外语研究》、《外语教学理论与实践》、《外语教学》、《当代外语研究》、《山东外语教学》、《外文研究》、《翻译中国》、《广译》、《中国文化研究》等学术刊物发表学术论文56篇,在国内外各知名出版社出版著译作42部。主要代表作有:英国帕斯国际出版社(Paths International Ltd.)全英文版《梦溪笔谈》(Brush Talks from Dream Brook)、《明清小品文》(The Short Essays of the Ming and Qing Dynasties)、《清代城市生活长卷》(The Urban Life of the Qing Dynasty)、美国麦格劳-希尔教育出版公司 (The McGraw-Hill Education Companies)全英文版《教育理论与实践探索》(Rethinking Education: Explorations in Theory and Practice)、《中国典籍英译》(主编)、《走进绚丽多彩的翻译世界》(专著)等。大会主旨发言题目:当代语境下典籍英译研究回顾与展望。
当代语境下典籍英译研究回顾与展望当下,典籍英译实践和理论均发生了重大变化,主要体现在其本体研究、主体研究、客体研究、研究范式、外部制约因素、方法论研究等方面。我们需要对这些变化做出全面系统的梳理,找出已取得的成绩、仍存在的问题以及解决的方案。研究表明,典籍英译在学科建设和人才培养等许多方面已取得了一批标志性的成果。然而,一些课题尚未得到足够的重视,比如典籍英译的整体性和系统性研究、典籍英译语内翻译研究、科技典籍作品英译研究、典籍英译合作翻译模式研究、典籍英译有效传播途径研究等。本文回顾了当下典籍英译研究的现状,对存在的问题进行了剖析,并对未来的研究做出了前瞻性展望。
关键词:典籍英译;典籍作品;主体;客体;范式许明武教授许明武,华中科技大学教授、文学博士、博士生导师,外国语学院院长,教育部外语教学指导委员会英语专业分委员会委员、宝钢优秀教师、湖北省名师、湖北省翻译协会副会长。国家精品课程、国家精品资源共享课程“英汉互译”负责人。近年来主持国家社科基金、教育部人文社科基金等各级科研项目20余项,于Critical Arts (SSCI,A&HCI)、Across Languages and Cultures (SSCI,A&HCI)、Translation Review (A&HCI)、Babel (SSCI, A&HCI)、Australian Journal of Linguistics (SSCI, A&HCI)、English Today (SSCI, A&HCI)、Interpreter and Translator Trainer (SSCI, A&HCI, forthcoming)、Terminology (SSCI, A&HCI, forthcoming)、《中国翻译》、《中国科技翻译》、《解放军外国语学院学报》、《外语与外语教学》、《外语界》、《外国文学研究》等期刊上发表论文60余篇,编著包括国家十一五、十二五规划教材等近20部,出版专著3部。利用业余时间于美洲、欧洲、非洲、香港、澳门等为企业单位和政府部门做过大量口译工作。大会主旨发言题目:任译《天工开物》深度翻译的“资本”视角解读。
任译《天工开物》深度翻译的“资本”视角解读
本文借助法国叙事学家热奈特提出的“副文本”理论考察科技典籍《天工开物》任以都译本显著的深度翻译现象,即任以都使用序跋、插图、文内注、尾注、附录和索引等内副文本形式,将文本置于深厚的语言文化背景中。在此基础上,重点运用法国社会学家布迪厄“场域”理论中的“资本”概念透视译者的翻译行为,发现这种翻译策略是特定社会历史背景下文化资本、社会资本、象征资本和经济资本作用下的产物。
关键词:副文本;《天工开物》任译本;深度翻译;布迪厄;资本田传茂教授田传茂,教授,博导。1988年毕业于华中师范大学英语系,获文学学士学位。1997-2000年在华中科技大学外国语学院进修,获文学硕士学位。2008年在西班牙罗维拉-依维尔基里大学跨文化研究所(Intercultural Studies Group, Universitat Rovira i Virgili)做访问学者。2007-2014年在罗维拉-依维尔基里大学攻读翻译与跨文化研究(Translation and Intercultural Studies)专业硕士和博士学位,分别于2010年和2014年获得研究硕士学位和博士学位。1996年晋升为讲师,2002年晋升为副教授,2009年晋升为教授,2014年被聘为博士生导师。现任长江大学翻译研究中心主任。系中国翻译协会专家会员,湖北省翻译工作者协会理事,武汉市翻译协会副秘书长,西班牙罗维拉-依维尔基里大学跨文化研究所研究员;国际三大检索期刊之SSCI和A&HCI收录期刊Critical Arts: North-South Cultural and Media Studies、Perspectives: Studies in Translatology、Translation and Literature特约审稿专家。协助指导北京外国语大学、华中科技大学、英国女王大学(Queen’s University)博士研究生。出版著作和教材等10多部,发表论文70余篇。其中,SSCI和A&HCI收录论文7篇,CSSCI收录论文10多篇。主持完成省部级项目8项、国家社科基金项目1项。大会主旨发言题目:Exploring the Traces of Translation: A Chinese Perspective。
Exploring the Traces of Translation: A Chinese PerspectiveTranslation traces embrace a wide range of inheritance forms in cultural production practices. Pseudo-originals unveil a kind of literary creation pattern which is a partial or full cross-lingual plagiarism of a text by a predecessor or a contemporary from another language-culture. Well-known quotations in a foreign language are frequently employed by speakers or writers via impromptu translating or memory-based appropriation from a translation available. These translated quotations may well be imitated by text producers to derive a large number of variations in the target culture. Plagiarisms or borrowings are also seen in retranslations of great world classics. As two largely uncharted territories, indirect translation and back translation make translation traces too weak to locate them. The inheritance of translation beliefs indicates various genealogies such as husband-wife genealogy, father-daughter genealogy and so on. Research on the origins of translative memes, their morphology and typology of transmission as well as their mutative reasons may create a new area for Translation Studies.
Keywords: pseudo-original; quotation; retranslation; meme |
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